SO2 Capture at Low Pressure in a Prototypical MIL-53 Aluminum MOF Family: The Influence of Pore Expansion.

Not only is excellent performance in SO2 capture by porous materials (uptake above 17 mmol g-1) relevant, but also finding a correlation between the architecture changes into a family and their SO2 adsorption is very useful. In this contribution, we studied the SO2 adsorption behavior (at very low pressure) of an Al(III)-MOF family that shares the pore architecture of MIL-53. The results indicate an inversely proportional trend for the SO2 capture and pore expansion, since by increasing the length of the channel pore, the SO2 uptake gradually decreases. In addition, this trend is clearly observed in the heat of adsorption, which describes the interaction between the SO2 molecule and the µ-OH functional group. These finding are supported by experimental analysis and computational studies.

Updated overall survival from the MONALEESA-3 trial in postmenopausal women with HR+/HER2- advanced breast cancer receiving first-line ribociclib plus fulvestrant.

BACKGROUND: The phase III MONALEESA-3 trial included first- (1L) and second-line (2L) patients and demonstrated a significant overall survival (OS) benefit for ribociclib + fulvestrant in patients with hormone receptor-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative (HR+/HER2-) advanced breast cancer (ABC) in the final protocol-specified and exploratory (longer follow-up) OS analyses. At the time of these analyses, the full OS benefit of 1L ribociclib was not completely characterized because the median OS (mOS) was not reached. As CDK4/6 inhibitor (CDK4/6i) + endocrine therapy (ET) is now a preferred option for 1L HR+/HER2- ABC, we report an exploratory analysis (median follow-up, 70.8 months; 14.5 months longer than the prior analysis) to fully elucidate the OS benefit in the MONALEESA-3 1L population. METHODS: Postmenopausal patients with HR+/HER2- ABC were randomized 2:1 to 1L/2L fulvestrant + ribociclib or placebo. OS in 1L patients (de novo disease or relapse > 12 months from completion of [neo]adjuvant ET) was assessed by Cox proportional hazards model and Kaplan-Meier methods. Progression-free survival 2 (PFS2) and chemotherapy-free survival (CFS) were analyzed. MONALEESA-3 is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02422615). RESULTS: At data cutoff (January 12, 2022; median follow-up time, 70.8 months), mOS was 67.6 versus 51.8 months with 1L ribociclib versus placebo (hazard ratio (HR) 0.67; 95% CI 0.50-0.90); 16.5% and 8.6% of ribociclib and placebo patients, respectively, were still receiving treatment. PFS2 (HR 0.64) and CFS (HR 0.62) favored ribociclib versus placebo. Among those who discontinued treatment, 16.7% and 35.0% on ribociclib or placebo, respectively, received a subsequent CDK4/6i. No new safety signals were observed. CONCLUSIONS: This analysis of MONALEESA-3 reports the longest mOS thus far (67.6 months) for 1L patients in a phase III ABC trial. These results in a 1L population show that the OS benefit of ribociclib was maintained through extended follow-up, further supporting its use in HR+/HER2- ABC.

SO2 capture enhancement due to confined methanol within MIL-53(Al)-TDC.

The SO2 capture performance of MIL-53(Al)-TDC was optimised by confining a small amount of MeOH within its pores (MeOH@MIL-53(Al)-TDC). In comparison with fully activated MIL-53(Al)-TDC, MeOH@MIL-53(Al)-TDC shows a 39% higher SO2 capture capacity. Monte Carlo simulations revealed that such an enhancement is associated with an increase in the degree of confinement via the SO2 molecules resulting from the formation of a lump (MeOH molecules) in the vicinity of the µ-OH groups.

SO2 Capture by Two Aluminum-Based MOFs: Rigid-like MIL-53(Al)-TDC versus Breathing MIL-53(Al)-BDC.

Metal-organic frameworks MIL-53(Al)-TDC and MIL-53(Al)-BDC were explored in the SO2 adsorption process. MIL-53(Al)-TDC was shown to behave as a rigid-like material upon SO2 adsorption. On the other hand, MIL-53(Al)-BDC exhibits guest-induced flexibility of the framework with the presence of multiple steps in the SO2 adsorption isotherm that was related through molecular simulations to the existence of three different pore opening phases narrow pore, intermediate pore, and large pore. Both materials proved to be exceptional candidates for SO2 capture, even under wet conditions, with excellent SO2 adsorption, good cycling, chemical stability, and easy regeneration. Further, we propose MIL-53(Al)-TDC and MIL-53(A)-BDC of potential interest for SO2 sensing and SO2 storage/transportation, respectively.

Ribociclib plus fulvestrant for postmenopausal women with hormone receptor-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative advanced breast cancer in the phase III randomized MONALEESA-3 trial: updated overall survival.

BACKGROUND: Ribociclib plus fulvestrant demonstrated significant progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) benefits in patients with hormone receptor-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative (HR+/HER2-) advanced breast cancer (ABC). Here we present a new landmark in survival follow-up for a phase III cyclin-dependent kinases 4 and 6 inhibitor clinical trial in patients with ABC (median, 56.3 months). PATIENTS AND METHODS: This phase III, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted at 174 sites (30 countries). Patients were men and postmenopausal women (age ≥18 years) with histologically/cytologically confirmed HR+/HER2- ABC. Patients could have received ≤1 line of endocrine therapy (ET) but no chemotherapy for ABC. Patients, assigned 2:1, were stratified by the presence/absence of liver/lung metastases and previous ET. Patients received intramuscular fulvestrant (500 mg, day 1 of each 28-day cycle plus day 15 of cycle 1) with oral ribociclib (600 mg/day, 3 weeks on, 1 week off) or placebo. Efficacy analyses were by intention to treat. Safety was assessed in patients receiving ≥1 dose study treatment. OS was a secondary endpoint. MONALEESA-3 is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02422615; no longer enrolling). RESULTS: Between 18 June 2015 and 10 June 2016, 726 patients were randomly assigned (484, ribociclib; 242, placebo). At data cut-off (30 October 2020), median OS (mOS) was 53.7 months (ribociclib) versus 41.5 months (placebo) [hazard ratio (HR), 0.73; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.59-0.90]. Subgroup analyses were consistent with overall population. In the first-line setting, most patients in the ribociclib arm (∼60%) lived longer than median follow-up; mOS was 51.8 months in the placebo arm (HR, 0.64; 95% CI 0.46-0.88). In the second-line setting, mOS was 39.7 months (ribociclib) versus 33.7 months (placebo) (HR, 0.78; 95% CI 0.59-1.04). No apparent drug-drug interaction between ribociclib and fulvestrant or new safety signals were observed. CONCLUSIONS: This analysis reported extended OS follow-up in MONALEESA-3. mOS was ∼12 months longer in patients with HR+/HER2- ABC treated with ribociclib plus fulvestrant compared with fulvestrant monotherapy.

Reversible and efficient SO2 capture by a chemically stable MOF CAU-10: experiments and simulations.

The adsorption of sulphur dioxide (SO2) in CAU-10 is obtained with the use of advanced experimental and computational tools to gain insight into the molecular mechanisms responsible for the adsorption of SO2. It is shown that the adsorption by CAU-10 is highly energy efficient and that van der Waals interactions are the driving force that controls adsorption in this system.

Controlled Transdermal Release of Antioxidant Ferulate by a Porous Sc(III) MOF.

The Sc(III) MOF-type MFM-300(Sc) is demonstrated in this study to be stable under physiological conditions (PBS), biocompatible (to human skin cells), and an efficient drug carrier for the long-term controlled release (through human skin) of antioxidant ferulate. MFM-300(Sc) also preserves the antioxidant pharmacological effects of ferulate while enhancing the bio-preservation of dermal skin fibroblasts, during the delivery process. These discoveries pave the way toward the extended use of Sc(III)-based MOFs as drug delivery systems (DDSs).

Coupled non-equilibrium fluctuations in a polymeric ternary mixture.

We investigate by dynamic shadowgraphy the non-equilibrium fluctuations at the steady state of a thermodiffusion experiment in a polymeric ternary mixture of polystyrene-toluene-n-hexane. The structure function of the refractive index reveals the existence of quite different decay times, thus requiring the analysis of a wide range of correlation times. This is related to the simultaneous presence of three distinct decay modes corresponding to (from fastest to slowest) the relaxation of temperature fluctuations, of the concentration fluctuations of the mixed solvent, and of the concentration fluctuations of the polymer in the binary solvent. An investigation of the decay times at the corresponding diffusive regimes provides a measurement of the thermal diffusivity and the two eigenvalues of the mass diffusion matrix of the ternary mixture. Similar experiments were performed in the past but here, to suppress the confinement effect and obtain a more direct comparison with the theory, a thicker sample is studied. Moreover, also a faster camera is used allowing the experimental observation of faster modes, like the propagative ones. The experimental values of the decay times are eventually compared with those predicted by different available theories. Finally, we present a more complete theoretical model to describe the non-equilibrium fluctuations in the bulk of a ternary mixture at the steady state of a thermodiffusion experiment.

Nonequilibrium Casimir pressures in liquids under shear.

In stationary nonequilibrium states coupling between hydrodynamic modes causes thermal fluctuations to become long ranged inducing nonequilibrium Casimir pressures. Here we consider nonequilibrium Casimir pressures induced in liquids by a velocity gradient. Specifically, we have obtained explicit expressions for the magnitude of the shear-induced pressure enhancements in a liquid layer between two horizontal plates that complete and correct results previously presented in the literature. In contrast to nonequilibrium Casimir pressures induced by a temperature or concentration gradient, we find that in shear nonequilibrium contributions from short-range fluctuations are no longer negligible. In addition, it is noted that currently available computer simulations of model fluids in shear observe effects from molecular correlations at nanoscales that have a different physical origin and do not probe shear-induced pressures resulting from coupling of long-wavelength hydrodynamic modes. Even more importantly, we find that in actual experimental conditions, shear-induced pressure enhancements are caused by viscous heating and not by thermal velocity fluctuations. Hence, isothermal computer simulations are irrelevant for the interpretation of experimental shear-induced pressure enhancements.

European Space Agency experiments on thermodiffusion of fluid mixtures in space.

This paper describes the European Space Agency (ESA) experiments devoted to study thermodiffusion of fluid mixtures in microgravity environment, where sedimentation and convection do not affect the mass flow induced by the Soret effect. First, the experiments performed on binary mixtures in the IVIDIL and GRADFLEX experiments are described. Then, further experiments on ternary mixtures and complex fluids performed in DCMIX and planned to be performed in the context of the NEUF-DIX project are presented. Finally, multi-component mixtures studied in the SCCO project are detailed.

Outstanding reversible H2S capture by an Al(iii)-based MOF.

The MOF-type MIL-53(Al)-TDC was demonstrated to be an optimal adsorbent for H2S capture combining an unprecedented uptake at room temperature, excellent cyclability and low-temperature regeneration.

Barium sulphate aspiration pneumonia in a cat with megaesophagus and dextroposition of the aortic arch: case report / Pneumonia aspirativa por sulfato de barrio em gato com megaesôfago e destroposição de arco da aorta: relato de caso

A six-month-old female cat suffered aspiration of an abundant amount of barium sulfate during a radiographic procedure for the diagnosis of megaesophagus. Latero-lateral contrast radiography revealed severe dilation of the thoracic esophagus cranial to the base of the heart. Persistence of the right aortic arch was suspected and later confirmed during corrective surgery. Accumulation of barium sulfate, used as a contrast agent, was clearly observed in the lumen of the bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli in the radiographic image. Days after the surgery, the animal developed severe respiratory distress, which resulted in death. Cytology results and histology analysis using polarized light demonstrated that the lumen of bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli exhibited evident histiocytic infiltration with cytoplasm filled by abundant amorphous refractive granular material consistent with barium sulfate. In this report, we describe the anatomical, cytological, histopathological (using polarized light), and x-ray findings of a case of barium sulfate aspiration pneumonia in a cat resulting from the use of this contrast medium for the diagnosis of megaesophagus secondary to persistent right aortic arch.(AU)

Uma gata de seis meses aspirou grande quantidade de sulfato de bário durante procedimento radiográfico para diagnóstico de megaesôfago. Contraste radiográfico látero-lateral revelou dilatação de esôfago torácico até a base do coração. Persistência do arco aórtico direito foi confirmada durante cirurgia corretiva. Acúmulo de sulfato de bário, utilizado como agente de contraste, foi observado no lúmen de brônquios, bronquíolos e alvéolos à imagem radiográfica. Dias após a cirurgia o animal desenvolveu insuficiência respiratória grave e evoluiu para óbito. Resultado de citologia e histologia utilizado luz polarizada demonstrou que lúmen de brônquios, bronquíolos e alvéolos mostraram infiltração histológica com citoplasma cheio de material refratário granular amorfo compatível com sulfato de bário. Nesse relatório, descrevemos achados anatômicos, citológicos, histopatológicos e radiográficos de um caso de pneumonia aspirativa em gata resultante do uso desse meio de contraste para diagnóstico de megaesôfago secundário a persistência do arco aórtico direito.(AU)

[Traumatic cyclodialysis treated with cryopexy]. / Ciclodiálisis traumática tratada con criopexia.

Cyclodialysis is the result of the separation of the longitudinal fibres of the ciliary muscle from their scleral insertion, creating states of ocular hypotony. It is mainly caused by traumatisms. Gonioscopy has traditionally been the diagnostic test for this entity, however, at present it is being replaced by other techniques, such as ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM). We present the case of a 57-year-old male who, following a traumatism in the left eye caused by the disc of a radial saw, presented corneal perforation and vitreous haemorrhage with pan-retinal edema. The gonioscopy was normal in spite of the existence of persistent ocular hypotony. The realization of a UBM enabled diagnosis of a small cyclodialysis of less than ten degrees. Surgical treatment made it possible to recover normal intraocular pressure.

Estudio observacional transversal para la evaluación de la adherencia en personas mayores: ESTUDIO NAGUSI / Cross-sectional, observational study for the evaluation of adherence in elderly people: NAGUSI STUDY

Introducción: La baja adherencia conlleva importantes problemas y es importante medirla para abordar intervenciones farmacéuticas para mejorarla. El test de Morisky-Green es la principal herramienta para ello, pero en nuestro medio hay pocos estudios realizados con él en personas mayores del ámbito comunitario que son quienes acuden a las farmacias. Objetivo: Conocer la adherencia a los tratamientos farmacológicos de las personas mayores que acuden al principal evento orientado al envejecimiento activo en Euskadi, de cara a emprender posibles actuaciones desde la farmacia comunitaria. Material y Métodos: Estudio observacional transversal de adherencia mediante el test de Morisky-Green a todas las personas mayores que acudieron al stand del COFBI durante el Salón Nagusi. Resultados: Se realizaron 498 encuestas. 480 sujetos tomaban algún medicamento (73,1% mujeres, 26,9% hombres). Su edad media era 74,6 años (±5,9) y el 34% vivían solos. De media tomaban 3,2 medicamentos (±2,1). El número medio de tomas diarias era 2,0 (±0,8). 457 sujetos completaron el test, obteniéndose un 49,5% de adherencia. No se hallaron diferencias significativas entre el grupo adherente y el incumplidor en ninguna de las variables independientes. Conclusiones: Las personas mayores que acuden al salón Nagusi muestran un nivel de adherencia al tratamiento farmacológico similar al descrito por la OMS y al detectado en otros estudios en los que se empleó la misma herramienta de medida. Las variables independientes estudiadas, no influyen significativamente en el grado de adherencia, lo que facilitaría el diseño de intervenciones desde la farmacia comunitaria para optimizarla en este tipo de población

Introduction: Low adherence involves significant problems. It is important to measure it in order to set out pharmaceutical interventions to improve it. The Morisky-Green test is the main tool designed for this purpose. Nevertheless, in our environment there are few studies done with this test in elderly people living in the community who are the ones that come to the pharmacies. Objective: To determine the adherence to pharmacological treatments of the elderly people who attend the main event aimed to promote active aging in Euskadi. The objective is to set out possible interventions from the community pharmacy. Material and Methods: Cross-sectional observational study of adherence using the Morisky-Green test in the elderly people who attended the COFBI stand during the Nagusi Hall. Results: 498 surveys were carried out. 480 subjects were taking medication (73.1% women, 26.9% men). Their average age was 74.6 years (± 5.9) and 34% lived alone. On average, they took 3.2 medicines (± 2.1). The mean number of daily intakes was 2.0 (± 0.8). 457 subjects completed the test, obtaining 49.5% of adherence. There were no significant differences between the adherent group and the non-compliant group in any of the independent variables. Conclusions: Elderly people attending Nagusi show a rate of adherence to pharmacological treatment similar to the one described by WHO and to those found in other studies done with the same measurement tool. The independent variables studied did not influence significantly the adherence degree, which would make easier to undertake actions from the community pharmacy to improve adherence in this population

Non-local fluctuation phenomena in liquids.

Fluids in non-equilibrium steady states exhibit long-range fluctuations which extend over the entire system. They can be described by non-equilibrium thermodynamics and fluctuating hydrodynamics that assume local equilibrium for the thermophysical properties as a function of space and time. The experimental evidence for the consistency between this assumption of local equilibrium in the equations and the non-local fluctuation phenomena observed is reviewed.

Calidad de la recuperación posquirúrgica tras cirugía de mama. Anestesia general combinada con bloqueo paravertebral versus bloqueo del espacio serrato-intercostal / Quality of postoperative recovery after breast surgery. General anaesthesia combined with paravertebral versus serratus-intercostal block

Introducción. La cuantificación de la calidad de la recuperación posquirúrgica destaca entre los indicadores de calidad utilizados en clínica. Ello es más importante aún tras cirugía oncológica. Nuestro objetivo fue evaluar la calidad de la recuperación tras cirugía no reconstructiva de mama tras anestesia general combinada con bloqueo paravertebral versus bloqueo del espacio serrato-intercostal en el postoperatorio inmediato y tardío. Material y métodos. Estudio observacional prospectivo en 60 pacientes programadas para cirugía no reconstructiva de mama en un periodo de 6 meses bajo anestesia combinada general y bloqueo paravertebral (25 pacientes) o bloqueo del espacio serrato-intercostal (35 pacientes). La calidad de la recuperación postanestésica se midió con la escala Postoperative Quality Recovery Scale, valorando los dominios fisiológico, nociceptivo, emocional, autonomía, cognitivo y estado general en diferentes momentos: basal (previo a cirugía), 15min tras finalizar la intervención, al alta hospitalaria y al mes postintervención. Resultados. Se consiguió una recuperación total del 95,93% en el postoperatorio inmediato (15 min unidad de recuperación postoperatoria [URPA]), del 99,07% al alta y del 99,25% al mes de la intervención. No se encontraron diferencias significativas entre ambos grupos ni en la puntuación total ni en las diversas áreas medidas por la escala. Conclusiones. Con la técnica descrita se ha objetivado una alta puntuación de recuperación con la Postoperative Quality Recovery Scale, que posibilitaría el alta en el postoperatorio inmediato y la vuelta precoz a la vida activa habitual. En ambos grupos se observó un ahorro de opioides y una recuperación excelente de todos los dominios evaluados, sin diferencias significativas (AU)

Introduction. The quality of postoperative recovery is one of the most important among all the quality indicators used in clinical situations. This is even more important after cancer surgery. Our aim was to evaluate this after non-reconstructive breast surgery under general anesthesia and paravertebral blockade or serratus-intercostal plane blockade, in the early and late post-operative period. Material and methods. A prospective observational study was conducted on 60 patients (25 paravertebral blockade group and 35 serratus-intercostal plane blockade group) scheduled for non-reconstructive breast surgery during a 6 month period. Every patient received general anaesthesia and were randomised to receive either paravertebral blockade or serratus-intercostal plane blockade. The quality of post-anaesthetic recovery was quantified by Postoperative Quality Recovery Scale, which is used to assess physiological, nociceptive, emotional, autonomy, cognitive and general state domains at different times: baseline (before surgery), 15min after the end of surgery, at discharge to home, and one month after surgery. Results. A total recovery of 95.93% was achieved in the early postoperative period (15min PACU), 99.07% at discharge to home, and 99.25% at one month after the intervention. No significant differences were found between groups in total score or in each evaluated area. Conclusions. A progressive improvement was observed in the scores assessed with the Postoperative Quality Recovery Scale, reaching values that would allow the discharge to home and early return to usual active life from the immediate postoperative period, with no significant differences between the 2 analgesic techniques. Savings in opioid use and the excellent recovery were observed in all measured domains observed (AU)

CO2 capture enhancement in InOF-1 via the bottleneck effect of confined ethanol.

CO2 capture of InOF-1 was enhanced 3.6-fold, at 1 bar and 30 °C, by confining EtOH within its pores. Direct visualisation by single crystal X-ray diffraction revealed that EtOH divides InOF-1 channels in wide sections separated by "bottlenecks" caused by EtOH molecules bonded to the µ2-OH functional groups of InOF-1.

Nonequilibrium fluctuation-induced Casimir pressures in liquid mixtures.

In this article we derive expressions for Casimir-like pressures induced by nonequilibrium concentration fluctuations in liquid mixtures. The results are then applied to liquid mixtures in which the concentration gradient results from a temperature gradient through the Soret effect. A comparison is made between the pressures induced by nonequilibrium concentration fluctuations in liquid mixtures and those induced by nonequilibrium temperature fluctuations in one-component fluids. Some suggestions for experimental verification procedures are also presented.